Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which of the following factors is an biotic factor?
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2.
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Island A has an area of 30 square kilometers. Island B has an area of 400 square
kilometers. The islands are near each other. Which of the following statements is most likely to be
true? a. | Island A has
less biodiversity and a higher percentage of edge effect than Island B. | b. | Island A has
less biodiversity and a lower percentage of edge effect than Island B. | c. | Island A has
greater biodiversity and a lower percentage of edge effect than Island B. | d. | Island A has
greater biodiversity and a higher percentage of edge effect than Island B. | | |
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3.
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Some
birds are known as honey guides because they may be followed by humans to wild beehives. When the
humans take honey from the hives, the birds are able to feast on the honey and bees, too. This type
of relationship can best be described as _____. a. | parasitism | c. | symbiosis | b. | commensalism | d. | mutualism | | | | |
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4.
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Population control factors whose effects increase as the size of the population
increases are _____. a. | abiotic factors | c. | limiting factors | b. | density-dependent factors | d. | density-independent factors | | | | |
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5.
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Cougars are predators that often eat weakened or diseased animals. This is a
description of the _____ of cougars. a. | niche | c. | habitat | b. | community | d. | none of
these | | | | |
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Figure 2-1
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6.
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Referring to Figure 2-1, suppose 10 000 units of energy are available at the level of
the grasses. What is the total number of energy units lost by the time energy reaches the
coyote? a. | 9990
units | c. | 90
units | b. | 990 units | d. | 9900 units | | | | |
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7.
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Referring to Figure 2-1, the coyotes would be considered _____. a. | herbivores | c. | second-order
consumers | b. | decomposers | d. | third-order consumers | | | | |
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8.
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Referring to Figure 2-1, energy flows from _____. a. | coyotes to
grasses | c. | cats to
mice | b. | coyotes to
cats | d. | mice to
cats | | | | |
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9.
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Referring to Figure 2-1, the relationship between cats and mice could best be
described as _____. a. | parasite-host | c. | consumer-producer | b. | scavenger-carrion | d. | predator-prey | | | | |
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10.
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Salvinia molesta, a floating aquatic plant, first entered Lake Naivasha in
Kenya when a person's fish ponds flooded. The plant quickly grew, changing the habitat of parts of
the lake. This is an example of a problem due to _____. a. | habitat
fragmentation | c. | edge
effect | b. | exotic species | d. | reintroduction programs | | | | |
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11.
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Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the biotic parts of the biosphere through
_____. a. | combustion of
fossil fuels | c. | burning of
forests | b. | photosynthesis | d. | all of these | | | | |
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12.
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Nitrogen is released to the abiotic parts of the biosphere from the processes of death
and _____. a. | runoff | c. | lightning in
storm clouds | b. | infiltration of groundwater | d. | decay by bacteria | | | | |
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13.
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For
many years orchid collectors searched Exotic Island for the beautiful Kimmarie Orchid, which is found
no place else in the world. After they found the orchid, they brought it back to their homes. In the
last couple of years the Kimmarie Orchid has not been found on the island. As a result, hobbyists are
now sending the Kimmarie Orchid to be replanted on the island.
The Kimmarie
Orchid became extinct in the wild due to _____. a. | habitat degradation | c. | habitat loss | b. | overcollection | d. | exotics | | | | |
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Table
5-1 shows the population sizes for 5 different species in four different
areas.
Area | Species
U | Species V | Species W | Species
X | Species Y | Species Z | A | 3 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | B | 0 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 6 | 6 | C | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | D | 4 | 3 | 11 | 1 | 6 | 0 | | | | | | | |
Table
5-1
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14.
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Which
area in Table 5-1 has the greatest biodiversity? a. | Area B | c. | Area D | b. | Area
A | d. | Area
C | | | | |
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15.
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From
Table 5-1, which species has the highest average population size? a. | Species
W | c. | Species
Z | b. | Species
X | d. | Species
Y | | | | |
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16.
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Consider the following pairs of organisms: large predators and small predators; large
herbivores and small herbivores; and migratory animals and non-migratory animals. The two animals
most likely to suffer the most from habitat fragmentation are the _____. a. | large herbivores
and large predators | b. | non-migratory animals and small
herbivores | c. | migratory animals and large
herbivores | d. | large predators and migratory animals | | |
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17.
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Water
is lost to the abiotic parts of the biosphere from the biotic parts by the process of
_____. a. | photosynthesis | c. | infiltration | b. | precipitation | d. | transpiration | | | | |
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18.
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The
major threat to biodiversity is _____. a. | habitat loss | c. | habitat fragmentation | b. | exotic
species | d. | habitat
degradation | | | | |
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19.
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The
major focus of conservation biology is _____. a. | to keep animals in zoos for people to
see | b. | to prevent
cruelty to animals | c. | stop hunting | d. | protect species
from extinction | | |
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20.
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Water
and air pollution are examples of _____. a. | edge effect | c. | sustainable use | b. | habitat
fragmentation | d. | habitat
degradation | | | | |
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21.
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A
population that grows until it reaches its carrying capacity usually has the shape of an
_____.
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22.
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Acid
rain changes the pH of soil, killing some trees. This is an example of _____. a. | global warming
problems | c. | exotic
species | b. | habitat fragmentation | d. | habitat degradation | | | | |
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23.
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A
girl notices that her guppies reproduce most when her fish tank water is slightly alkaline. They stop
reproducing if the water becomes acidic or if the water becomes too alkaline. This is an example of
_____. a. | zones of
tolerance and intolerance | c. | communities | b. | intertidal zones | d. | secondary succession | | | | |
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24.
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Density-independent factors are limiting factors whose effects are
_____. a. | determined by
the degree of competition for resources | b. | determined by the difference between birthrate and population
density | c. | confined to the habitat of the
population | d. | not influenced by population
densities | | |
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25.
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Ling
feeds her guppies one-half teaspoon of fish food every day. The average guppy population in her
aquarium over a four-month period is 38 guppies. She increased the food to one teaspoon per day.
After a four-month period, the average population is 53 guppies.
Which of the
following statements is supported by these data? a. | As long as Ling keeps adding more food, the guppy population
will continue to grow. | b. | Guppies reproduce rapidly. | c. | The size of the
aquarium was a limiting factor. | d. | One-half teaspoon of food was a limiting
factor. | | |
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